(1)Soil and vegetation
The vertical soil zonation from the foot of the mountain to the top is orderly ranged as the red earth and jeltozem,mountain jeltozem,orogenic jeltozem-brown earth and mountain brown earth.
The red earth and jeltozem are distributed at the foot of the mountain(400m below)and surrounding hilly area,belonging to the middle subtropical zone.The vegetation consists of evergreen broadleaf trees,masson pine and grasses.
The orogenic jeltozem is distributed in the area of elevation 400~900m(800m in the north side),the climate is humid and hot,the vegetation comprises the evergreen broadleaf forest,masson pine forest and China firs.
The orogenic jeltozem-brown earth is spread in the area of elevation 900~1200m(800~1,100m in the north),the climate is warm and humid,the vegetation is the evergreen deciduous and broadleaf mixed forest and coniferous forest.
The orogenic brown earth is in the area of elevation above 1,200m(1,100m in the north),the vegetation consists of coniferous forest and shrubbery.
The top of the Lushan Mountain is the meadow soil,dominated by shrubbery and herbal plants,the ligneous plants are rare.The mountain bog soil is locally distributed,with hygrophilous plants.
(2)Rare and endangered plants
A total of wild plants in the Mount Lushan Geopark is 2,414 species,among them,45 species belonging to 34 genera and 23 families are put in the list of key wild plants and animals under state protection.The first-grade protected plants are 11 species such as Ginkgo biloba and Metsequia glyptostroboides;the 34 second-grade protected species such as Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Liridendron chinense.There are 49 plants firstly found and named in the Lushan Mountain(Table 5).
List of major plants that are firstly found or named in Lushan Mountain
| Code
|
Family
|
Plant scientific name
|
Remarks
|
| 1
|
Lygodiaceae
|
Mecodium lushanense Ching et Chiu
|
|
| 2
|
Athyriaceae
|
Allantodia lushanense Ching
|
|
| 3
|
Athyriaceae
|
Athyrium kulingense Ching
|
|
| 4
|
Thelypteridaceae
|
Cyclosorus lushanensis Ching
|
|
| 5
|
Thelypteridaceae
|
Parathelypteris lushanensis Ching
|
|
| 6
|
Aspleniaceae
|
Asplenium kulingense Ching
|
|
| 7
|
Dryopteridaceae
|
Polystichum lushanense Ching
|
|
| 8
|
Polypodiaceae
|
Lepisorus lewisii（Bak.）Ching
|
|
| 9
|
Polypodiaceae
|
Pyrrosia sheaseri（Bak.）Ching
|
|
| 10
|
Urticaceae
|
Elatostema stewar dii Merr.
|
|
| 11
|
Urticaceae
|
Pilea swinglei Merr.
|
|
| 12
|
Ranunculaceae
|
Aconitum lushaueui Migoo
|
|
| 13
|
Berberidaceae
|
Berberis virgetorum Schneid
|
|
| 14
|
Mgnoliaceae
|
Magnolia officinalis var.biloba Rehd.＆Wils
|
|
| 15
|
Mgnoliaceae
|
Schisandra sphenathera Rrhd.et Wils
|
|
| 16
|
Lauraceae
|
Lindera rubronervia Gambir
|
|
| 17
|
Crassulaceae
|
Sedum baileyi Praeger
|
|
| 18
|
Saxifragaceae
|
Philadelphus sericanthus var.kulingensis H.-M.
|
|
| 19
|
Rosaceae
|
Crataegus kulingensis Sarg
|
|
| 20
|
Rosaceae
|
Photinia villosa var.sinica Rehd.et Wils
|
|
| 21
|
Rosaceae
|
Rubus kulinganus Bailey
|
|
| 22
|
Rosaceae
|
Cerasus serrulata（Lindl.）G.Don
|
|
| 23
|
Leguminosae
|
Dumasia ovatifolia S.S.Lai sp.nov.ined.
|
|
| 24
|
Leguminosae
|
Vicia kulingiana Bailey
|
|
| 25
|
Buxaceae
|
Buxus microphylla var.sinica Rehd.＆Wils.
|
|
| 26
|
Sabiaceae
|
Meliosma myriantha var.stewardii（Mezz）lon
|
|
| 27
|
Rhamnaceae
|
Berchemia kulingensis Schneid.
|
|
| 28
|
Vitaceae
|
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var.kulingensis Rehd
|
|
| 29
|
Vitaceae
|
Vitis hui Cheng
|
|
| 30
|
Tiliaceae
|
Tilia breviradiata（Rehd.）Hu et Cheng
|
|
| 31
|
Malvaceae
|
Hibiscus paramutabilis Railey
|
|
| 32
|
Violaceae
|
Viola stewardiana W.Beck.
|
|
| 33
|
Melastomataceae
|
Sarcopyramis lushanensis Chen
|
|
| 34
|
Umbelliferae
|
Tongoloe stewardii Wolff.
|
|
| 35
|
Oleaceae
|
Fraxinus mariesii Hook.f.
|
|
| 36
|
Labiatae
|
Teucrium pernyi Franch.
|
|
| 37
|
Caprifoliaceae
|
Lonicera modesta var.lushanensis Rehd.
|
|
| 38
|
Compositae
|
Dendranthema indicum var.lushanensis(Kitan.)Hand.-Mazz
|
|
| 39
|
Compositae
|
Saussurea bullockii Dunn.
|
|
| 40
|
Cyperaceae
|
Scirpus lushanensis Ohwi
|
|
| 41
|
Plagiogyriaceae
|
Plagiogyria lushanensis Ching
|
|
| 42
|
Hymenophyllaceae
|
Mecodium lushanense Ching et Chin
|
|
| 43
|
Gramineae
|
Pseudosasa hirta S.L Chen et G.Y.Sheng
|
|
| 44
|
Gramineae
|
Yushania varians Yi
|
|
| 45
|
Balsaminaceae
|
Impafiens davidii Franch
|
|
| 46
|
Celastraceae
|
Euonymus acanthocarpus var.lushanensis(Chen et Wang)C.R.Cheng
|
|
| 47
|
Liliaceae
|
Veratrun schndler Loes.f
|
|
| 48
|
Primulaceae
|
Lysimachia remota var Lushanensis Chen et C.M.H
|
|
| 49
|
Hamamelidaceae
|
Corylopsis sinesis var.calvescens Rehd.et Wils
|
|
(3) Animals
(4) The Mount Lushan Geopark is situated between the Hua'nan area of Oriental Realm and Huabei area of Gubei Realm,the animals are dominated by the Hua'nan types,there are also some widely spread animals in the geopark.
(5) Insects in the geopark
(6) There are about 2000 insect species belonging to 163 families and 28 orders in the geopark.Some are the endemic species,such as Rhaphigaster genilia Yang,Liprus geminatus Chen et Wang,and Actias lushan Fang.There are 33 insect species firstly found and named in the Lushan Mountain
List of major insects that are firstly found or named in Lushan Mountain
| Code
|
Family
|
Insect scientific name
|
Remarker
|
| 1
|
Locustidae
|
Chorthikpus fuscipennis Caudell
|
|
| 2
|
Tettigoniidae
|
Atlanticus kulingensis Tindpam
|
|
| 3
|
Perlinae
|
Neoperla lushana Wu
|
|
| 4
|
Cicadidae
|
Melampsalta kulingana Kato
|
|
| 5
|
Nirvanidae
|
Pseudonirvana lushana Kuoh
|
|
| 6
|
Pentatomidae
|
Eusthenes saevus Stal
|
|
| 7
|
Pentatomidae
|
Paterculus elatus（Yang）Kiangsis
|
|
| 8
|
Pentatomidae
|
Plantia lushania Yang
|
|
| 9
|
Pentatomidae
|
RhapHigaster genitalia Yang
|
|
| 10
|
Phymatidae
|
Cnizocoris draki Kormiley
|
|
| 11
|
Coreidae
|
Hygia touchei Distant
|
|
| 12
|
Hepialidae
|
Hassua kuling Daniel
|
|
| 13
|
Vponomentidae
|
Thecobathra nivalhs Morriuti
|
|
| 14
|
Tortricidae
|
Argyrotaenia（A.）congruentana（Kennel）
|
|
| 15
|
Tortricidae
|
Antichlidas holocnista Meyrick
|
|
| 16
|
Pyralidae
|
Agathodes calignodalir Suellen
|
|
| 17
|
Drepanidae
|
Macrocilix lushensis Fang
|
|
| 18
|
Geometridae
|
Xanthorhoe saturata Guenee
|
|
| 19
|
Sphingidae
|
AmorpHa recta Fang
|
|
| 20
|
Sphingidae
|
Pergesa elpenor lushan Fang
|
|
| 21
|
Lasiocampidae
|
Autoculeora lushanensin Chou et Lu
|
|
| 22
|
Lasiocampidae
|
Leucanic postica Hampson
|
|
| 23
|
Chrysopidae
|
Chrysopa kulingensis Navas
|
|
| 24
|
Hydrophilidae
|
Anacaena lushanensis Hsiao
|
|
| 25
|
Cerambycidae
|
Oberca strigicollis Gresstt
|
|
| 26
|
Chrysomelidae
|
Oides pateclavum Fairmaire
|
|
| 27
|
Chrysomelidae
|
Liprus geminatus Chen et Wang
|
|
| 28
|
Leptoceridae
|
Stenopsyche uncinata Navas
|
|
| 29
|
Tabanidae
|
Tabanus lushanensis Lia
|
|
| 30
|
Syrphidae
|
Chilosia kulingensis Herve-Bazin
|
|
| 31
|
Phytoseiidae
|
Amblyseius lushanensis Zhu et Chen
|
|
| 32
|
Phytoseiidae
|
TypHlodromus kulingensis Zhu
|
|
| 33
|
Phytoseiidae
|
TypHlodromus lushauensis Zhu
|
|
Birds in the geopark
There are 243 bird species belonging to 57 families and 14 orders known in the Mount Lushan Geopark.The first-grade state protected species are:Grus monacha,G.leucogeranus.There are 34 second-grade species like Milvus korschum lineatus and Accipiter nisus,62 provincial protected species like Cuculus canorus.
Beasts in the geopark
There are 39 beast species belonging to 17 families and 7 orders known in the Mount Lushan Geopark.The first-grade state protected species are:Panthera pardus,Neofelis nebulosa.There are 4 second-grade state protected species like Manis pentadactyla,and 9 provincial protected species like Felis bengalensis.
Reptiles in the geopark
There are 33 reptilian species belonging to 10 families and 3 orders known in the Mount Lushan Geopark.There are 9 provincial protected species like Platysternon mtagacephlum and Trionyx sinentiformes.
Amphibians in the geopark
There are 20 amphibian species belonging to 8 families and 2 orders known in the Mount Lushan Geopark.There are 2 second-grade species,i.e.,Megalobatrachue davidianus and Rana tigrina,4 provincial protected species like Cynops orientalis.